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The role of Akt kinase in cardioprotective mechanisms induced by chronic hypoxia
Grešíková, Milada ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Svatoňová, Anna (referee)
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most widely spread diseases of modern civilization. Mechanisms involved in the protection of myocardial tissue are for that very reason in the focus of cardiovascular research. The adaptation to chronic hypoxia has been studied for many years in the context of its positive effects on heart function and its increased tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. This Master thesis describes the role of Akt kinase in the mechanisms leading to myocardial protection against I/R injury using the model of adaptation to chronic normobaric hypoxia (CNH). The hearts from male Wistar rats, that were kept in normoxic or hypoxic conditions (O2 0.1) for the period of 3 weeks, were retrogradely perfused by oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution and then subjected to 10 min of ischemia and 10 min of reperfusion. Samples prepared from left ventricles (LV) of experimental hearts were later used for protein analyses. The adaptation to CNH leads to increased phosphorylation of Akt kinase on Ser473, but it did not affect the phosphorylation on Thr308 nor the total protein level of Akt. A significant increase in Bcl-2/Bax ratio was also observed in hearts adapted to CNH. This Master thesis further elucidates, how Akt signaling pathway and its activation are affected by short...
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Antioxidant system in hypoxic heart
Sotáková, Dita ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kalous, Martin (referee) ; Babula, Petr (referee)
The cardiovascular disease, particularly acute myocardial infarction, is the most common cause of death worldwide. It is well documented that adaptation to chronic hypoxia increases resistance to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in heart tissue. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important signalling role by the activation of the protective pathways during I/R, although, the excess of ROS during reperfusion leads to cardiac tissue injury. As the cellular antioxidant system is responsible for the maintenance of redox homeostasis, the main aim of this thesis was to investigate the relationship between myocardial tolerance to I/R injury and regulation of main components of antioxidant systems, related transcription factors and their target genes in protective and non- protective regimens of chronic hypoxia. We found differences in cardioprotective phenotype in rats exposed to three regimens of chronic normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 0.1, 3 weeks). The adaptation to continual (CNH) and intermittent (CNH-8; 8 h/day) regimen of hypoxia increased myocardial resistance to I/R damage, whereas 1-hour daily interruption of hypoxic adaptation (INH-23) abolished cardioprotective effect and decreased the ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). Both cardioprotective regimens significantly increased...
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The role of mitochondrial genome in cardioprotection induced by the adaptation to chronic hypoxia
Nedvědová, Iveta
Cardiovascular intervention studies are a very important issue given that the ischaemic heart disease is one of the main mortality and morbidity causes in the Western world. Cardioprotection is mediated through a variety of signalling pathways in the cell that may directly or indirectly affect energy metabolism and mitochondria. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury of the heart significantly affect mitochondrial function revealing a potential therapeutic target. The role of mitochondria in the myocardium is not only in the field of energy homeostasis, but also in mediating the cellular response to reduced oxygen supply and in apoptosis regulation. This thesis aims to elucidate the response of the hypertrophied heart of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and the derived conplastic strain with mitochondrial genome of normotensive Brown Norway (SHR-mtBN ) to the cardioprotective regime of adaptation to chronic normobaric hypoxia (CNH, Fi 0.1). The adaptive changes were studied at the cellular, protein and gene levels using Real-time RT-PCR, Biomark Chip Analysis, Western Blot, spectrophotometric measurements of enzyme activity and quantitative immunofluorescence analyses. The present thesis was based on a different cardioprotective phenotype between SHR and SHR-mtBN strains, i.e. a significantly smaller...
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Antioxidant system in hypoxic heart
Sotáková, Dita ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kalous, Martin (referee) ; Babula, Petr (referee)
The cardiovascular disease, particularly acute myocardial infarction, is the most common cause of death worldwide. It is well documented that adaptation to chronic hypoxia increases resistance to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in heart tissue. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important signalling role by the activation of the protective pathways during I/R, although, the excess of ROS during reperfusion leads to cardiac tissue injury. As the cellular antioxidant system is responsible for the maintenance of redox homeostasis, the main aim of this thesis was to investigate the relationship between myocardial tolerance to I/R injury and regulation of main components of antioxidant systems, related transcription factors and their target genes in protective and non- protective regimens of chronic hypoxia. We found differences in cardioprotective phenotype in rats exposed to three regimens of chronic normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 0.1, 3 weeks). The adaptation to continual (CNH) and intermittent (CNH-8; 8 h/day) regimen of hypoxia increased myocardial resistance to I/R damage, whereas 1-hour daily interruption of hypoxic adaptation (INH-23) abolished cardioprotective effect and decreased the ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). Both cardioprotective regimens significantly increased...
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The role of mitochondrial genome in cardioprotection induced by the adaptation to chronic hypoxia
Nedvědová, Iveta
Cardiovascular intervention studies are a very important issue given that the ischaemic heart disease is one of the main mortality and morbidity causes in the Western world. Cardioprotection is mediated through a variety of signalling pathways in the cell that may directly or indirectly affect energy metabolism and mitochondria. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury of the heart significantly affect mitochondrial function revealing a potential therapeutic target. The role of mitochondria in the myocardium is not only in the field of energy homeostasis, but also in mediating the cellular response to reduced oxygen supply and in apoptosis regulation. This thesis aims to elucidate the response of the hypertrophied heart of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and the derived conplastic strain with mitochondrial genome of normotensive Brown Norway (SHR-mtBN ) to the cardioprotective regime of adaptation to chronic normobaric hypoxia (CNH, Fi 0.1). The adaptive changes were studied at the cellular, protein and gene levels using Real-time RT-PCR, Biomark Chip Analysis, Western Blot, spectrophotometric measurements of enzyme activity and quantitative immunofluorescence analyses. The present thesis was based on a different cardioprotective phenotype between SHR and SHR-mtBN strains, i.e. a significantly smaller...
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The role of mitochondrial genome in cardioprotection induced by the adaptation to chronic hypoxia
Nedvědová, Iveta ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Polák, Jan (referee) ; Čížková, Dana (referee)
Cardiovascular intervention studies are a very important issue given that the ischaemic heart disease is one of the main mortality and morbidity causes in the Western world. Cardioprotection is mediated through a variety of signalling pathways in the cell that may directly or indirectly affect energy metabolism and mitochondria. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury of the heart significantly affect mitochondrial function revealing a potential therapeutic target. The role of mitochondria in the myocardium is not only in the field of energy homeostasis, but also in mediating the cellular response to reduced oxygen supply and in apoptosis regulation. This thesis aims to elucidate the response of the hypertrophied heart of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and the derived conplastic strain with mitochondrial genome of normotensive Brown Norway (SHR-mtBN ) to the cardioprotective regime of adaptation to chronic normobaric hypoxia (CNH, Fi 0.1). The adaptive changes were studied at the cellular, protein and gene levels using Real-time RT-PCR, Biomark Chip Analysis, Western Blot, spectrophotometric measurements of enzyme activity and quantitative immunofluorescence analyses. The present thesis was based on a different cardioprotective phenotype between SHR and SHR-mtBN strains, i.e. a significantly smaller...
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The role of Akt kinase in cardioprotective mechanisms induced by chronic hypoxia
Grešíková, Milada ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Svatoňová, Anna (referee)
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most widely spread diseases of modern civilization. Mechanisms involved in the protection of myocardial tissue are for that very reason in the focus of cardiovascular research. The adaptation to chronic hypoxia has been studied for many years in the context of its positive effects on heart function and its increased tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. This Master thesis describes the role of Akt kinase in the mechanisms leading to myocardial protection against I/R injury using the model of adaptation to chronic normobaric hypoxia (CNH). The hearts from male Wistar rats, that were kept in normoxic or hypoxic conditions (O2 0.1) for the period of 3 weeks, were retrogradely perfused by oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution and then subjected to 10 min of ischemia and 10 min of reperfusion. Samples prepared from left ventricles (LV) of experimental hearts were later used for protein analyses. The adaptation to CNH leads to increased phosphorylation of Akt kinase on Ser473, but it did not affect the phosphorylation on Thr308 nor the total protein level of Akt. A significant increase in Bcl-2/Bax ratio was also observed in hearts adapted to CNH. This Master thesis further elucidates, how Akt signaling pathway and its activation are affected by short...
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